Ethical Issues in Pharmacy Research Free Essays

Ethical Issues in Pharmacy Research Reflection There is abundant evidence showing how easy it is to exploit individuals in the history of medical research in the twentieth century. It was not until the early 1960s when the public began to take notice of the ethical neglect that researchers had for their subjects. The exposure of gross abuses in medical research generated a public furor that was finally noticed by those who administered research funding which enabled changes to policy to begin to take place such as the Declaration of Helsinki which addressed the issue of independent review of research protocols by a committee not associated with the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Pharmacy Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is enough to make one sick when you look at the unethical medical research that has taken place in the United States alone. In the name of â€Å"research† there has taken place many clinical experiments that have been done unethically. In the 1940s several â€Å"research† studies where done using either patients from state insane asylums or from prisons. These studies ranged from injecting patients with experimental flu vaccines to malaria and hepatitis. All of these studies were federally funded. The â€Å"Nuremberg Code† was established as a set of international rules to protect human test subjects after the prosecution of Nazi doctors in 1947. However, many American doctors ignored them, arguing that they applied to Nazi atrocities, not to research they were doing. By the 1960s, more than half of the states allowed for prisoners to be used as human guinea pigs for medical research. However, two studies would come to light in the 1960s which would turn public attitude about the use of humans in research. The first study was done at Brooklyn’s Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital in New York. 1 The researchers injected cancer cells into 19 old, debilitated patients to see if their bodies would reject them. The patients were not told what they were being injected with because the researchers believed the cells harmless. However, a lawyer who was on the hospital board was upset over the research which led to the state investigating. The second study was done over three years at Willowbrook State School where mentally retarded children were given hepatitis to see if they could then be cured. 2 Then in 1972, the Tuskegee experiment sparked extensive critical media coverage and public outrage. 3 The Tuskegee experiment took place from 1942 to 1972 in Macon County, Alabama. About 400 poor, black men were used under false pretentions by the U. S. Public Health Service. These men were illiterate sharecroppers that were never told what disease they were suffering from or where they give treatment for syphilis. They were deliberately left to degenerate under the ravages of syphilis in the name of research. The public was very sensitive to this type of research due to the publicity that the crimes committed by the Nazi doctors had received. When awareness arose that our own government was capable of carrying out unethical experimentation, fear arose. This led to Federal regulations to express the social values and concerns of the people. The first regulation was the National Research Act in 1974 which established the research proposal with informed consent. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) was also established with this act. The purpose of the IRB is to protect the rights and welfare of research subjects. This is an institution –specific board that is made up of at least 5 individuals of which one must be a nonscientist and one being a member from the public community. To be able to establish the safety and efficacy of a therapy it is necessary to do clinical research. So what is the correct pathway to obtain a patient’s consent in a clinical research project? The National Institute of Health (NIH) requires that clinical testing be done before a product license for that treatment can be given. However, the patient is being put at risk of any unknown side-effects by taking part in a clinical trial. So how can we protect patients? The strongest protection for patients is his or her consent. According to the NIH website, â€Å"informed consent explains risks and potential benefits about a clinical trial before someone decides whether to participate. † 4 When the researcher obtains consent they are respecting the patient and enabling them to self-governing plus upholding the principle of respect for persons. IRBs have been a good standard for ethical research; however with the advancing fields of research in genetics, reproduction, and neurology, it may be time to develop more regulations. There are four basic principles of medical bioethics. These are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Autonomy comes from the Ancient Greek which means self-law. It is the ability of an individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision. Justice means to give all persons what is due to them that can refer to treatment and education. Beneficence refers taking actions that sever the best interests of the patient. And finally, but not least the principle of non-maleficence means to avoid causing harm to the patient. These four principles must be firmly ingrained into the medical research process for the safety and well-being of the patients. As Christians in the medical profession and involved in research we must ensure that we are upholding not only the NIH requirements but also what the Bible teaches us about the sanctity of life. Research is an important part of furthering the well-being of human life but we cannot let it be done at the expense of other humans. As upcoming professionals in the field we need to develop a firm Christian worldview and be not ashamed to stand up for what we know to be moral and ethical. We also need to educate our peers as such as when tainted unethical research is allowed to take place it reflects poorly on the entire medical profession. 1. http://www. columbia. edu/itc/history/rothman/COL476I5027. pdf 2. http://willowbrookstateschool. blogspot. com/p/history. html 3. â€Å"The Deadly Deception† http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ofiOzzfKK84 4. http://www. nih. gov/health/clinicaltrials/glossary. htm How to cite Ethical Issues in Pharmacy Research, Essays

Impact of Globalization on Child Labor-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact of globalization on child labor. Answer: Introduction The phenomenon of child labor has been seen in all regions of many parts in the world. It is a common practice that is observed in almost all parts of the world especially in the developing nations. However, the rate of the practice of child labor has decreased with the growing world. The rates of child labor participation have decreased and this has been explained with the rate of economic growth. Many researchers have argued that the economic growth of a region has increased the amount of child labor in a region. The demand of child labor has increased in many countries. It mainly happened during the lack of the government. It has been seen in many regions that the labor markets served as a common reason of child labor. This report studies the link between the practice of child labor and globalization. The report puts forward the theory of the fact that globalization lead to the practice of child labor and more employment. The theoretical frame and the literature review are the mai n aspects of the study and that are included in the report. To explain the point in a more detailed form the report focuses on the cost model and the cross country effects of the impact of globalization. The report includes the findings of some issues related to child labor and addresses them in an effective manner. The report ends with a conclusion and effective recommendations that can be brought in order to improve the worst situation of child labor and the effects of the same. Child labor as an issue Child labor has remained a serious issue since a longer period of time in many places. It is considered as a difficult issue to resolve. It has been observed that in many factories and industries a huge amount of child has been appointed as labor. The child belonged to the poor and to resolve the issues of poverty at their own household the children had to work in many factors and other work places as labors. They were deprived from good education. The child working in many places work mainly to support their family or to pay for their own education. Depriving them from good income has led to some children seeking different, lower paid work and even the case of prostitutes comes to the forefront. The most usual factor of child labor is poverty. It had a global impact(Simas, Golsteijn, Huijbregts, Wood, Hertwich, 2014). There were many global movements that were arranged in order to eliminate the practice of child labor from the society. One of the most remarkable movements was the G lobal March Child Labor which included marches in many major cities around the world drawing the attention of the mass on a global ground. The main purpose of the movement was to grab the attention of the mass towards the evil effects of the practice of child labor and child slavery. It was referred to as the violation of one of the most important human rights(Wickramage, Weerawarna, Jayasekara, Pannala, Sumathipala, 2015). The theoretical frame and literature According to(Tuttle, 2015) this particular frame has been an attempt to portray the possibility of the reason behind the child labor with the reasons related to economicms. It has been identified that there are two dimensions of creating the child labor mechanism as both demand and supply side. The first and foremost dimension consists of reason that determine the child labor supply and it is defined as the result of the household decisions, sometimes it is the lack of the check of the government and sometimes it because of poverty. The second dimension consists of the factors that affect the want of the child labors and it involves the development of the economic growth dynamics. It has integration with the global economy. The duration of change of these factors serves as an important factor for the development of the effects of economic growth on the supply of child labor. (Laws, 2016). On the other hand(Kamata, 2016) argued that the level of income plays an important role in the factor of practicing child labor. There is a close relation between the practice of the child labor and the income of the household. It has been agued by many critics that the poverty of a household is one of the most factors in determining the child labor. The other set of critics argue that poverty forces the parents to send their children to work. The parents have no other alternative choice and this is the reason they force their child to go to work. It has been observed that whenever the society has been observed to be poor and of inequality there has been rise of child labor. The incidences of child seem to increase while the society is full of inequality and poverty. Therefore, the child labor has a negative relation with the economic development. It has been observed that the governments of developed countries who had good economic conditions had strict way of controlling the child labor. The government of developing nations often lacks resources to enforce the ban of child labor(Meardi Marginson, 2014). It has been observed that the concept of globalization might result in changing the duration of the decision of the factors which determines the supply of the children intending to be labors. The social and cultural norms turned to be more traditional in developing countries which turned to lead to a higher social acceptability of the child labor(Rauscher, Myers, Miller, 2016). In spite of this the consciousness level of parents inevitably converges to the global norms and global set of rules(Almeida Kassouf, 2016). As a result the parents would prefer to send their children to a school and education sectors rather than sending them to work. Therefore, the globalization has proved to be more effective in the regulations of the child labor and maintain the standards in the developing nations(Edward, 2017). Literature review According to(Cho, Fang, Tayur, Xu, 2014) the existing literature on the relationship between the globalization and child labor has focused on the economic aspects of globalization which includes the international trade. It can be argued that if an increase in international trade increases per capita income then in that case it is expected that the amount of child labor would decrease. There is a gap in such thought as there is an adverse situation that can arise due to this. It can be assumed that the international trade may also increase the demand for the unskilled labor which would tend to increase the practice of child labor(Islam Choe, 2013). Apart from the economic factor there is social globalization has an effect in the practice of the child labor. It majorly includes the social integration aspect of globalization(Locke, 2013). This is the transfer of information and personal contacts across national borders. While discussing about the child labor it can be mentioned that the social norms affect how acceptable the child labor is considered in order to explore the case where the parents might even have a positive attitude towards child labor. The critics thought that the social globalization had a great amount of role to play in order to reduce the incidents of child labor if the norms are against the child labor or in the other case it should be in favor of schooling and it is transmitted with greater amount of international integration and transactions. On the contrary the other critics like(Masten, 2014) argued that the social globalizations are however highly correlated with other economic variables which require to be more accounted for. The factor that is important to the critics in both empirical and theoretical research on child labor is the level of poverty. The increase in the economy tends to decrease the child labor. However, the researchers have mentioned that the social regulations and outrights bans of the practice of child labor are only successful in eradicating child labor if they are enforced in reality. The enforceability would be low if the socio-economic incentives for the child labor are strong enough(Jariego, 2017). It happens when there is not the case which might not be enforced. This particularly happens in the developing countries where the capacity of the state is comparatively low the priorities are on elsewhere. This is true in the case of the child labor as well(Kail, 2015). Models The following part of the paper argues the variables explaining the rates of the participation of the child labor in different countries and it argues for a reduced form of econometric equation to question the validity of the following relation. The report has included a table which shows the child labor participating rates of the developing countries and different factors that affects the child labor. As mentioned in the literature review of the report the most common measure of the child labor is the labor force participation of the children aged between the years 5 to 14 years. According to (Cuadros-Menaca, 2017) Child labor is one of the major issues in the developing countries because of the immense economic problems that cause hindrance to the socio cultural aspects of these countries. The strong association between income and trade is not uncommon and thus different sources indicate the key to the relation between income and child labor. The following association can also lead to a relation between trade and child labor. Figure 1 clearly shows the relationship between child labor and income. The strong co relation of these two different variables can be the cause of the endogeneity between income and child labor. (OKeefe, 2016) Figure 1- Relation between Child Labor and Trade Source-(Bah, 2014) Figure 2- Relation between Child Labor and Income Source- (Johnson Jr, 2014) Cross Country Evidence The proper exposure to international competition can result in more children going to school rather than participating in work. The following condition can be created only when a country opens itself up to such a competition. This will result in the creation of a large number of educated workers. The guidelines that have an aim to lower the mortality are most likely to reduce the problem of child labor (Bah, 2014). The researcher has impact of trade on child labor to get an idea of developing countries opening its doors to education for all. Some of the other variables that were considered in the research are skills of the labor force, health and income. Child labor is also measured by the rate of the participation of the labor force and the attendance rate of the children at the school. The open trade is determined by the ratio of the trade which is the amount of exports plus the amount of imports divided by the total gross domestic production. The health policy in the research is c onsidered to be the share of the public health expense in the gross domestic production of the country. The skill composition of the country is measured between the ages 15-65 years of the total workforce that have completed their secondary education. On the other hand skill composition factors are the result of the overall effects of the early educational policies of the government of the different countries that are considered in this report. Table 1 of the report has shown the fixed effects and the OSL estimates of the developing countries and the relation that is established between the conventional measure of trade and the other two alternative measures of child labor (Tsuyuhara, 2014). The skill composition rate has to be controlled in the report or else it could have no effect on the effective calculation of the child labor. The proportion of workers with completed primary as well as secondary education reflects a negative impact on the child labor. The more the share of the workers in the category of 10-14 labor participation rate the more is the higher percentage of people who received secondary education. This completely reduces the significance of the workers who have completed the primary education just because secondary education forms the basic criterion att the given point of time. Thus when the opposite happens in case the secondary education system of the country is not so developed, thus reducing its effec t. The following example is thus somewhat more favorable to globalization only if the ratio of the trade is replaced by the Sachs-Warner measure of openness. The open education policy of the governments in these countries reduces child labor drastically and helps in the overall development of the skilled workforce. The share of the working population with at least the primary education has less impact as because the dependent variable in such case is the primary school noon attendance rate (OKeefe, 2016). The following results are consistent with the theoretical considerations. The last section revolves around the other things or factors being all equal, international competitions reduce or at worst has no such key significance to child labor. However the most optimistic scenario of child labor is related to a more stringent policy of open education in the developing countries, the one that takes into consideration the factors which have a direct impact on the ways by which trade takes place rather than the original amount or the actual volume of the trade that takes place in these countries. As because the beneficial effects of trade and exposure comes through difference in relative price changes, it is not irrelevant whether or not the prices of the internal goods are under the control of the government or they are free to adjust themselves according to the international standards. The following is also not dependent on whether or not they are distorted by the quotas or the state monopolies or not (McQuade, 2014). Table 1- Developing Countries Dependents Source- (Bah, 2014) Table 2- Dependent Variables Source- (McQuade, 2014) Findings and Arguments Figure 3- Dependent and Independent Variables Source- (Johnson Jr, 2014) In table 1 given above the descriptive variables of the model discussed in this report is clearly highlighted. It is seen that the dependent variables of the child labor participation rate changes from 1% to 53%, the explanatory variable PCGDP changes in between 89 US dollars and 13989 US Dollars. On the other hand FDI changes in between 0.05% and 29.15% trade between 25% and 204% in the rural areas. While it changes from 7% to 93% in the developing countries (Ali, 2017). The calculation has been done using the estimation of OSL. In the initial step the researcher considered the straight model for calculation. There was negative linear relationship between child labor and the participation rate suggested as a sign of the parameter that calculated the income. The e-statistics in the calculation are significant at 0.01 levels. It can be seen that the FDI has a positive relation to child labor and trade which is stagnant at 0.01 levels (Ali, 2017). Conclusion There is no such empirical evidence on whether globalization increases the incidence of child labor. The different data as recorded in this report and the cross country evidence clearly shows that globalization can reduce child labor. However health policies and educational policies of the government of the developing countries can have a serious toll on the effect of child labor in these countries. The economic condition of these developing countries has a serious impact on child labor as because such a condition renders many families to engage their children to forced child labors to earn their living (McQuade, 2014). There are many cases where the family wanted to send their child to school but the disparity in income, health, social conditions and huge educational expense have tied up their hands to send their children to schools. Capital market imperfections and parental investments are thus limited by liquidity constraints. However exposure to trade can change the situation bec ause of the increase in the comparatively larger skill group. For a country that starts with a largely uneducated workforce, globalization raises the wage rate of the uneducated relative to the other educated workers. Recommendations The policies of the different countries that suffer due to such problems can be changed drastically. Some of the provisions in the policies can include the educational subsidies, school provisions, providing food to the poor children, exposure to world class education and many more as such. The following policies can also include public health expenditure which can help increase the incentives to the educational investments on a child. The government has to formulate the policy in such a way so that it can address all the concerns related to such problems and also address different other issues. The developed countries as well as UNICEF can play a major role too reduce the impact of child labor in developing and under developed countries. The most basic thing which can be done by them is to finance different educational initiatives or educational grants. They can also contribute to the health policies of the government which will surely make a huge difference. The countries with a la rgely uneducated labors educational and technical assistance of any kind can be quite beneficial. These countries must be compensated on a short term basis to save them from the effects of international competition. UNICEF has different programs under its belt that is aimed at providing quality education in different rural areas of these countries with the largest amount of child labor participation. The educational initiatives of these organizations can be of real help for the countries with a world class exposure to modern form of education. The scenario is changing slowly and in a short time from now the world can be free from the curse of child labor. Bibliography Almeida, B. d., Kassouf, . (2016). VThe effect of labor inspections on reducing child labor in BrazilV. UCW working paper. VThe effect of labor inspections on reducing child labor in BrazilV. UCW working paper. Cho, Fang, Tayur, Xu, . (2014). Combating child labor: Incentives and information transparency in global supply chains. Combating child labor: Incentives and information transparency in global supply chains. Cummings. (2016). Child Labor and Household Composition: Determinants of Child Labor in Mexico. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 29(3), 29-54. Child Labor and Household Composition: Determinants of Child Labor in Mexico. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 29(3), 29-54. Edward. (2017). Beyond Child's Play: Sustainable Product Design in the Global Doll-making Industry. Taylor Francis. Islam, Choe, . (2013). Child labor and schooling responses to access to microcredit in rural Bangladesh. Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 46-61. Child labor and schooling responses to access to microcredit in rural Bangladesh. Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 46-61. Jariego, M. (2017). But We Want to Work: The Movement of Child Workers in Peru and the Actions for Reducing Child Labor. American Journal of Community Psychology. But We Want to Work: The Movement of Child Workers in Peru and the Actions for Reducing Child Labor. American Journal of Community Psychology. Kail. (2015). Children and their development. Pearson Higher Ed. Kamata. (2016). Labor clauses in regional trade agreements and effects on labor conditions: an empirical analysis (No. 609). Institute of Developing Economies,. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). Laws. (2016). What Constitutes Effective Child Labor Laws. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 29(18_suppl), 44-46. What Constitutes Effective Child Labor Laws. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 29(18_suppl), 44-46. Locke. (2013). The promise and limits of private power: Promoting labor standards in a global economy. Cambridge University Press. Masten. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child development, 85(1), 6-20. Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child development, 85(1), 6-20. Meardi, Marginson, . (2014). Global labour governance: potential and limits of an emerging perspective. Work, employment and society, 28(4), 651-662. Global labour governance: potential and limits of an emerging perspective. Work, employment and society, 28(4), 651-662. Rauscher, Myers, Miller, . (2016). Work?related deaths among youth: Understanding the contribution of US child labor violations. American journal of industrial medicine, 59(11), 959-968. Work?related deaths among youth: Understanding the contribution of US child labor violations. American journal of industrial medicine, 59(11), 959-968. Simas, Golsteijn, Huijbregts, Wood, Hertwich, . (2014). The Bad Labor footprint: quantifying the social impacts of globalization. Sustainability, 6(11), 7514-7540. The Bad Labor footprint: quantifying the social impacts of globalization. Sustainability, 6(11), 7514-7540. Tuttle. (2015). Child labor during the British industrial revolution. Wickramage, K. S., Weerawarna, Jayasekara, Pannala, Sumathipala, . (2015). Risk of mental health and nutritional problems for left-behind children of international labor migrants. BMC psychiatry, 15(1), 39. Risk of mental health and nutritional problems for left-behind children of international labor migrants. BMC psychiatry, 15(1), 39. Johnson Jr, E. C. (2014). Business lawyers are in a unique position to help their clients identify supply-chain risks involving labor trafficking and child labor. Bus. Law., 70, 1083. Ali, M. A., Ali, M. V., Abbas, F. (2017). Hidden hazardous child labor as a complex human rights phenomenon: A case study of child labor in Pakistans brick-making industry. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1369486. McQuade, A. (2014). Bolvias Child Labor Law Shames Us All. The Guardian, 25. Bah, M. (2016). Y.Child Labor in the Gambia,. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Sociology and Culture. Cuadros-Menaca, A., Gaduh, A. (2017). Remittances, Child Labor, and Schooling: Evidence from Colombia. OKeefe, B. (2016). Inside big chocolates child labor problem. Fortune. Tsuyuhara, K. (2014). A welfare analysis of child labor restriction: Intergenerational perspectives. Journal of Economic Development, 39(3), 15

Ambitious Lady Macbeth free essay sample

1. It also mentions the beauty of the poisons and the death and how the narrator wants to see the woman painfully die in front of her husband. This links to Macbeth as they find the preparation of the persons death as well as the final act of killing them, a big thrill. The idea of pain and terror excites them and they feel that what they are doing is for the greater good of themselves so to say. In both texts, they are thinking of death as a way to seek revenge and achieve their own dreams, by getting rid of the people who have the power and/or opportunity to stop them. They think of death as a bit of game-easy to commit but they do not think of the consequences that will occur from their actions, they are driven by jealousy and greed. They are desperate for attention and simply want to grab what they believe to be theirs. We will write a custom essay sample on Ambitious Lady Macbeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lady Macbeths mention of the supernatural shows how desperate she is for her desire as she craves to posses characteristics of a man, desire for power, but the lengths she is willing go to achieve it. 2. Starting, Robert Browning emits a paranoid persona in the lady using repetition. He uses they abundantly in the second stanza to show she is obsessed with what others [they] think of her. She cant think about anything else and is in rapt with other peoples perceptions of her life. She then says they laugh laugh at her, again suggesting a paranoid persona who will interpret anything around her as negative attitudes towards her. She believes she is being mocked by they and everyone else around her. She has no trust whatsoever and utter embarrassment is forced upon her and consequently she is forced to act 3. She has fulfilled her desire (Macbeth is king), but the fulfillment has brought no contentment. Shes figuratively spent herself, but achieved nothing for her efforts. Any joy she feels is contaminated. 4. When she says that Macbeth is too full o th milk of human kindness and that she must work on him to make him strong and ruthless enough to do what he needs to do to fulfill the prophecy and his ambition, she doesnt foresee that she will lose him in the process. As he grows accustomed to being the kind of person she wants at that moment to turn him into, he will grow apart from her and stop confiding in her. when he arranges alone to have Banquo killed 5. Once the adrenaline high of the moment has passed, the natural feminine gentleness that she regarded as weakness returns to make her afraid of the monster she has made of the man she loves. Just look at the sleepwalking scene! 6. She knows her fortunes are now linked with his, and that with his increasing power her own will rise proportionately, owing to her influence over him. 7. Lady Macbeth’s character contradicts with the roles of women in the Elizabethan Era as they were regarded as their husband’s possessions and weren’t entitled to an opinion. A stereotypical Elizabethan woman was expected to be innocent, gentle and dutiful as they were inferior to men 8. Irony within Lady Macbeth’s character as she says that she wants everything that helps her goals to be â€Å"crown’d withal†, however later in the play eventually she succumbs to guilt and takes her own life. 9. Manipulation is again shown through dialogue, as she wants to make sure that â€Å"that no compunctious visitings of nature/ shake my fell purpose nor keep peace between/ the effect and it† (1. 5. 48-50). In other words, she doesn’t want her natural, or feminine, character to get in the way of her goal, which is the murder of King Duncan. 10. USE OF IRONY 11. Its true that she is perfectly willing to goad her husband to commit murder; its true she dispassionately both sets up and stages the crime scene; and its true she is right behind Macbeth in these evil deeds, prodding him to action and telling him a little water will wash away their guilt. 12. Soon after, though, Macbeth must sense some softening in his wife, for he fails to confide his next murderous plans to her. He plans and executes the murder of Banquo and the assassination of MacDuff and his family without telling her. His resolve grows as hers, apparently wanes. 13. 14. she finally succumbs to her guilty conscience, unsuccessfully attempting wash her hands clean of Duncans blood. Introduction In this essay, I will be analysing and comparing three main protagonists in Macbeth by William Shakespeare and The Laboratory by Robert Browning, reflecting on the poetic and dramatic techniques used by both writers that effectively portray how these characters are disturbed, and how each action they do leads to the corruption of their mental state of mind. In Macbeth, both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth succumb to insanity as a result of their guilty conscience. In The Laboratory, the woman demonstrates signs of instability much like Lady Macbeth, as she becomes obsessed with poison, power and the possibilities of death that comes with it. Part 1 Macbeth is shown to be disturbed in act 2, scene 2. Macbeth’s conscience is contaminated, having just murdered King Duncan. Murdering a king in the 16th century opposed the ‘divine right of kings’. This was the belief that God gave direct power to Kings, and any opposition to the King was seen as defying God. It was therefore considered a sin, guaranteeing doom. To add, Macbeth was not granted the Divine Right of Kings. He steals power to become King, using actions of manipulation and murder. He was not granted the Divine Right of Kings, reinforcing the idea that he goes against God, and the natural order of the universe. It is shown that he can’t handle psychological consequences, as he believes he is hearing things, asking his wife if she heard a noise, she replying with less panic than him. Additionally, their plot is in danger as he has brought back the daggers with him evidence of their murder. The quick dialogue in line 15 and fragmented line structure give a sense of urgency in both characters. Act 5, scene 1 is a powerful part in the play which depicts Lady Macbeth’s disturbance. She sleepwalks through Macbeth’s castle, with the delusion that her hands are blood stained as a symbol of guilt and recalling the events of the murders she has committed. As she talks about them, her language is fragmented, a sign that she has been destroyed by her own power. Her being destroyed links to she seems weaker and feminine than before. She appears weak and fragile nearing the end of the play, due from being tormented by guilt, whereas in contrast to previously, she was the superior partner with the role of having strength and power, and controlling Macbeth. She went against all the stereotypes of an Elizabethan woman, which was to be submissive, weak and powerless. Likewise to The Laboratory, the narrator is also an ambitious woman, willing to resort to murder to accomplish her goals, and neither has any moral problems with it. This poem was written in the 18th century, during which men had dominance over women, linking to how both Lady Macbeth and the narrator of The Laboratory want dominance because both lived in a time when men ruled over women. Part 2 Shakespeare uses language techniques to show that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are disturbed. â€Å"Wherein you dress’d yourself? Hath it slept since? At what it did so freely? † Lady Macbeth uses rhetorical questions to attack Macbeth’s masculinity, without giving him the chance to reply to persuade and manipulate Macbeth. There is continuous use of animal imagery through the play. Lady Macbeth tells her husband to â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t†, snakes represent evil in the Bible, and she associates the snake with the evil she tells Macbeth to perform. Shakespeare uses symbolism of snakes to reveal the malevolence of characters. The imperative verb â€Å"shalt be† in the sentence â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be† shows her strong intentions. She also says â€Å"Come to my womens breasts and take my milk for gall†, the imperatives ‘come, take’ gives the impression of urgency and determination. This is similar to The Laboratory, in which Browning uses imperative violent verbs to describe how the narrator wishes for the poison to be â€Å"grind† and â€Å"mashed†, showing her enthusiasm as the poison progresses, excited by the thought of the death it may bring. It portrays her strong ambitions to kill her husbands mistresses, similarly as to how ambitious Lady Macbeth is to become Queen. In act 1 scene 5 during Lady Macbeths soliloquy, she says, â€Å"Stop up the access and passage to remorse. † The use of sibilance here sounds similar to a snakes hissing, emphasising the words making them more sinister. Shakespeare is again making the link to the symbolism of snakes to support the imagery of evil. Part 3 Shakespeare uses form to show how disturbed Lady Macbeth is, by using soliloquies that allow the audience to hear her innermost thoughts, which are filled with imagery of death and destruction. After reading Macbeth’s letter in act 1 scene 5, she expresses fears that Macbeth is too â€Å"kind† to take the necessary steps towards becoming King. This is shown in the quote, â€Å"I fear thy nature; it is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness, to catch the nearest way†. She believes that her husband’s character is not ruthless enough to fulfil his ambitions, that his character contains too much gentleness, which may become an obstacle to attain the quickest way of gaining power. Therefore her solution is to â€Å"pour my spirits in thine ear† and â€Å"chastise with the valour of my tongue†. She wishes to empower Macbeth with evil words, demonstrating that her personality already contains the strength of criminality, as well as showing the dominance she has over him. In the Elizabethan times, women were seen as incapable of taking the initiative and being subservient to men. However Macbeth is easily manipulated by his wife. Witchcraft accusations were very common in the past, believing that witches could influence the mind and body, which may ultimately lead audiences at the time to question if the actress playing Lady Macbeth was a witch, as it supports these beliefs. Lady Macbeth calls upon evil spirits and asks them to fill her from head to toe with cruelty. She says, â€Å"take my milk for gall†, asking to exchange her maternal, motherly instincts to bitterness, signifying the transition of her femininity to masculinity, her feminine character to become a cruel one. She asks to â€Å"Make thick my blood / stop the passage to remorse†, as she does not want to feel natural feelings of pity or guilt which run along her veins and stop her from her actions, going against all ordinary emotions. Her thoughts are shown to be grotesque and frightening, with unnatural imagery. Browning presents the disturbance of the narrator in ‘The Laboratory’ by using enjambments rather than soliloquies as it is a poem. Enjambments are used to show her unsteady dialogue and state of mind. â€Å".. and Elise, with her head / And her breast and her arms and her hands, / should drop dead! † creates an uneven pace, linking to her mental disposition. The repetition of the word ‘and’ makes you pause when reading the sentence, creating a sense of the narrator’s thoughts that are disjointed. Browning has created a contrast between this and the sinister language within the poem, with the calm, controlled structure of the poem. It has 12 stanzas and a regular ABAB rhyme scheme, so even if the narrator is talking about something evil, the lines continue to flow rhythmically along, making the poem more ominous. (FORESHADOWING) Part 4 Blood symbolizes the guilt that sits like a permanent stain on the consciences of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Part 5 the characteristics of Macbeth change from a battle-hardened, honourable and combat-decorated warrior to an emotionally unstable, cowardly individual who is susceptible to other peoples coercive measures, namely his wife; Lady Macbeth Setting up Lady Macbeth and Macbeth as strong and weak at the beginning of the play makes for comparisons later on in the play when Lady Macbeth becomes the weak and suicidal one, whereas Macbeth begins taking the initiative, planning Banquo’s murder without confiding in his wife. Earlier in the play, she had a stronger sense of purpose and was the force behind each of their murderous plots. She had told Macbeth that â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† when his hands were covered in blood, whereas she now sees too much blood. She has descended into madness. This is also reflected from the fact that she is not speaking in verse. In act 5, scene 1, her speech has become broken. (examples and the language technique). The domineering wife has been reduced to someone whose speech makes little sense. There are no logical connections between her memories or sentences. Conclusion â€Å"which character you believe to be the most disturbed and why† When Macbeth was crowned King, he questioned why such happy news caused his â€Å"heart knock at my ribs / Against the use of nature†. This may be an indirect sign that Macbeth knows he will have to murder in order to fulfil the second prophecy. He shows hesitance and has a tendency to waver with the thought of murdering, whereas in contrast with Lady Macbeth, she is solid and final on the deed, showing that her intentions are dark and sinister. A soliloquy creates a better audience-character bond and increases the emotional attachment felt by the audience for the character. The language of Lady Macbeth suggests an overwhelming sense of fierce determination for her husband to possess the ruthlessness of her character. However, the evil persona she adopts fails to shadow the insecurities of her conscience, conflicting with her strong will to murder the king.

McDonalds Stakeholders Essays

McDonalds Stakeholders Essays McDonalds Stakeholders Essay McDonalds Stakeholders Essay definition of internal and external stakeholders This website shows the differnent stakeholders and how they influnece businesses. the main two businesses i am going to be investigating are McDonalds and cadbury. what are stakeholders? Stakeholders are people who own a share in the business, they have to buy the shares from the stock exchange or they have an influence or interest in the business. an example of a stakeholder of a school would be a govnor. they dont own a share but they influence the decissions that the school makes. Internal stakeholders nternal stakeholders in a school would be teachers the as they are people who actually work for the school. an example of an internal stakeholder in a business would be a manager as they actually work inside the company. External stakeholders External stakeholders are people who influnece the business. an example of one in a school would be parents as they dont actually work for the school but they still have to have a close relationship with it McDonalds Stakeholders McDonalds has many franchises around the world. The first franchise was opened in 967 in Canada over the years it has spread all around the world and there are now more than 1000 franchises around the globe McDonalds aims are. McDonalds aims are to provide a fast, friendly service but they also like to make sure their customers are getting good value for money on the food as well. The Stakeholders. Employee. One stakeholder of McDonalds would be its employees. The employees are internal stakeholders as they work inside the company and have an interest and influence the way it is run. So anybody that works for McDonaldsis a stakeholder. This could be matter as long as they work for the company. The following link shows an article about the internal stakeholders of McDonalds. triplepundit. com/2012/05/mcdonalds-uk-new-stakeholder-engagement- website-signs-progress/ the news article explains how it wants both internal and external stakeholders to meet and ask questions about the company rather than McDonalds answering peoples questions through the social network. mployees often have staff meetings with managers where they can talk about what they think is oing well or not so well this is why employees are internal stakeholders as if they think something needs to be changed they can influence this change to happen. Customers. Customers are also stakeholders they are slightly different from employee stakeholders though, as customers are external stakeholders this is because they dont work for the franchises but they still buy products from them so they have an intere st in McDonalds. This means that every customer who buys from any McDonalds franchise is a stakeholder. Even if they only se McDonalds occasionally. customers he interests in McDonalds for many different reasons, one might be that they a promotional meal has come out McDonalds are always looking for feedback on their products so if they get this from their customers they are more likely to keep the meal on their permanent menu but if McDonalds didnt get any feedback or the sales was low on the certain promotion they are more than likely to scrap it from the menu and not offer it again. Suppliers Suppliers are also internal stakeholders as they also work with McDonalds. McDonalds use many suppliers for the things in their store for example they get the food from one supplier and then the drinks from another. Suppliers are a really important part of the way McDonalds runs if McDonalds didnt have suppliers there would be nothing for them to sell. Suppliers also have an interest in McDonalds to be one of their stakeholders. The suppliers interests would be about the orders McDonalds make because the more they do make the more money they are going to be making for the company. McDonalds also like to make sure the supplier they muse s trust worthy as suppliers play a huge part in all the chains of McDonalds as they wouldnt have any food to sell if a supplier failed to deliver when they needed it. The Government People dont normally expect the government to beinvolved with Franchises like McDonalds. But the government are actually external stakeholders as they also hold an interest and influence McDonalds. The government are interested in McDonalds because McDonalds offer lots of opportunities for the unemployed to get a Job as The government also pass new laws that could affect the way McDonalds is run an xample of this would have been when everybody got banned from smoking in indoor public places. The government made every company from a corner shop toa large global business stop people smocking indoors a public space as it had become a law if anybody was smoking where they wasnt meant to be the business could risk enormous consequences. The government also have an interest in McDonalds when they want to build a new franchise. They have to get planning permission first before they can start building it this is another way the government play a part as hey have to decide whether they are going to allow or deny this. Trade unions Trade unions are external stakeholders as they work outside the business. Trade unions are people who look after the rights of the workers on how they work, get paid and the conditions they work in. hey also access the risk of the employee getting hurt at the work place due to poor conditions. Employees have to pay to be part of the union but it is only a small amount out of your wage or salaries. they have an interest in McDonalds as some of their staff from each franchise may be part of their nions if they arent the union pay advertise and explaining what they do and why a staff member should become part of their group to help make other peoples working conditions better. Communities Communities are also external stakeholders. Communities are widely involved with the businesses like McDonalds as they are interested when stores are planning to build near them they are also interested in the Jobs that the store can offer. McDonalds rely on the community a lot as they wouldnt have any business if they didnt keep their customers happy by offering great services.

Panopticism review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Panopticism review - Essay Example The tower was to be made in such a manner that only the people operating it had the vantage view of the prisoners. The prisoners could not have any clear view of their jailers. The organization of the panopticon increased the potency of power in the minds of the prisoners and made the control of the prison more efficient. In essence, the ideals of total control of the prison facility as imagined by Foucault borrowed from the quarantines against the plague as practiced in the seventeenth century (Veyne 54). The process of quarantine involved the determination of a range of processes that maintained some strict discipline in affected villages including locking people within their houses and keeping away the keys. The nature of discipline was regulated in ways that ensured easy control of the villages by the authorities. Threats of death were used to ensure compliance. Critics contend that the panopticon was modeled on the desire by the seventeenth century societies to protect civilizations from the scourge of the plague. Others contend that the objective was aimed at achieving a perfect society. Some of the issues that continue to attend to the matters of society are largely determined by the desire by central authorities to design the codes of ethics for their subjects. Such objectives often come into conflict with the theories that reinforce the need for human freedom and liberty. Critics of panopticism argue that governments do not have the moral authority to suppress the liberties and freedoms of the governed. They add that the idea of a perfect society is illusory and defeatist in nature. As such, they seek to demonstrate ways in which the processes of governance can be moderated in ways that support the free reign of the will of the governed. Within a modern context, Foucault’s panopticism could be conceptualized in terms of the structural

Bussiness Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bussiness Research Proposal - Essay Example Since different regions and countries have different cultures, it may well be assumed that some of the management styles that are effectively applied in these developed countries may not be effective in less developed countries or in other regions of the world. While several studies have been conducted to reveal the impact of transformational leadership in developed countries and a few less developed ones, quite a lot remains undone especially in the Middle East which generally has a culture that is different from those of the United States, and most western countries. It is this gap that this study seeks to fill by considering the application of transformational leadership in small businesses in Pakistan. This research will hence focus on transformational leadership and its effects on the performance of a sample of small organizations based in Pakistan. Since the Middle East is such a large region, and the number of organizations within it is quite numerous, this study will be limited to only small organizations within Pakistan. For the purpose of this research, the terms leadership and management will be considered as synonyms in spite of the differences that may exist between the two terms on strict consideration. The two terms will, in this respect, be used interchangeably without change in meaning. There are many leadership styles that can be applied by managers and supervisors to achieve organizational goals. Some leadership styles include autocratic, participative and laissez faire. Other leadership styles include transformational, situational and transactional leadership. With respect to personality, one leadership style that is commonly applied in different regions is transformational leadership. Each of these management styles has its advantages and disadvantages and impact organizational performance differently. The following sections are dedicated to describing and discussing leadership, leadership styles and the impact of

Swot Analysis Student Looking At Strengths And Weakness Education Essay

Swot Analysis Student Looking At Strengths And Weakness Education Essay To work hard in achieving my goal. When I was first time learned using the internet it was very difficult but I never gave-up until I learned how to get right information from it . Interesting and still growing more from last few years in IT. Begin when I first use internet, fascinated me how this works and how this information is managed. This make me more attractive towards the IT field specially in ISM. I want to be the master in the ISM having the broader knowledge of the subject. Wants to pursue PHD in the concern area after successfully completing my masters. Apply the same and wants to see the results what I learn. To keep very result oriented I always do practically what I have learned. Ability to adjust in surrounding environment very easily. Learn from surroundings very quickly to adopt the environment. Very good internet Knowledge. Using the internet from some many years furnish lot of knowledge. Very punctual. I am very strict for time and never be lazy for the work which I want to take. WEAKNESSES Totally get upset and very tense while working. The work I am doing if something from it I cannot understand made me very irritating and frustrated. Very reserved personality. Mostly I dont like to approach others without any concern. Hard to recall things quickly. Busy with the work make me very absent to other things. Hard to focus on different issues on one time. Putting concentration on one thing made me more difficult to concentrate on others things at a time. OPPORTUNITIES Repeat the work number of times until i understand very clearly. Help me to be knowledgeable of what I do. Explore the environment in which the research have to done, Making known to surrounding so that it can help me to get the knowledge that I need. Find the effective source for research, Make efforts to get the best material for the research. Apply the knowledge which I get from the source and which I have. To know how much I am knowledgeable I apply the same on the research which I am going to take. THREATS Feel very uncomfortable someone discourages me and find it very difficult to cope up with. Feel very nervous to ask again if not get right kind of response from my senior peers. No clear vision what I have to do in the given environment make me lazy. Availability of limited sources for work very discouragious. EXERCISE 2 ARTICLE Characterizing knowledge management in the small business environment. Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.Done by Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Analysis and briefly evaluation The research done by Mr. Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E on Knowledge Management (KM) for small business is improved method, as the Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E (2004) on page 44, in the article, revealed that this paper redress some of the unique feature imbalance in the literature by putting KM into the context of small businesses. It looks at their characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses and their key problems and issues, all associated with KM approach for small businesses. This research concludes at the final with recommendations that will provide important insights to help in accomplish the quality in business. The research done by the Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E. (2004) furnishes the full details step by step of the KM for small business as:- KM is all about, How it can be implemented, What are its advantages and disadvantages, Its strengths and weaknesses. This help the researchers to get better conclusion by suggesting new definition of KM for small businesses which defined as The management of knowledge-related processes or activities, based on realistic resource in order to create competence, value and continual success for the organization.( Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.) The purpose of this research is very clear, the in-depth approach by the researchers furnishes clear picture of KM for small businesses. The brief details provided by the ( Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.) as mentioned on page 46, in the article states that, As an integrative concept, KM is perceived to have the potential to enable organization to face the complexities and changes enveloping them in the knowledge-based economy. The reasons why small businesses need KM can be traced back to a pull and push perspective. The pull deals with the former identities the potential benefits or improvements, which are crucial for small businesses while push deals with the external or environmental thrusts that push them to the forefront of KM, this shows that how much the KM is significant for the small businesses. The information furnishes by the researchers if utilized by the owner in small businesses can overcome the burden or lack in knowledge sharing between employer and the employees and can help to achieve goal on time. The tremendous effort lay down by the researchers gives clear picture regarding the originality of the research provide all the details which is quite understandable from the beginning, This help to assess the right kind of KM for the small businesses. The method adopt by the researchers in this article is qualitative because the knowledge provided by the researchers regarding KM for small business is easily understand by the reader. The sources are well-grounded ,rich descriptions and explanations of processes in identifiable local contexts. The data is in chronological flow, see precisely which events led to which consequences, and derive fruitful explanations. The in-depth research done by the Mr. Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E(2004) is very excellent, it furnishes up-to date information as:- What should KM means for small businesses, How it can assess, How it can be implemented, Its advantages, disadvantages, Its strengths, weaknesses. The overall quality of the research meet up-to that mark where if the lower level managers of the small businesses put forward the implementation of KM can put the businesses in very competitive level in the market to achieve its goals. The context of the research is excellent as all the text properly provided with references which is very easily assessable for the new researchers. EXERCISE 4 Literature Review:- The process of reading, analyzing, evaluating and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific topic. The result of a literature review may be complied in a report or they may serve as part of a research article, thesis, or grant proposal. Arlene Fink{ conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the internet to paper, 3rd edition., (sage publications, 2009)}. Internet Technology:- Internet technology covers a broad range of technology used for web development , web production, design, networking and e-commerce. The field also covers internet programming, website maintenance , internet architect and web masters. It helps the students to get the right kind of knowledge for the concern subject without wasting the time in finding the books from the library. Available at:- (http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629052817AAszjby) [Accessed 16 September 2010] A(1) Data communication equipment:- In network computing DCE is an industry standard software technology for setting up and managing computing and data exchange in a system of distributed networks. It is used to find relevant material for the subject by the students from the online resources available on the blackboard. Available at: (http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sdefinition/o,,sid7gc121190600.html). Accessed 16 September 2010] B(2)Peer to peer System:- This help the students to interact with their senior peer and able them to learn new knowledge and experience. This enable them to learn from new source of knowledge, which help them to prepare for the future challenges. Virtual learning environment:- A Virtual learning environment is a course information management system that takes a numbers of web-based services and places them together on a single site, with a single interface, accessed through a web browser. Students and lecturers need only learn a single set of on screen controls in order to use discussion boards, electronic mails lists, access course materials and announcements, or upload share files. Nicole Kipar. (2003) What is the Blackboard VLE and how can I use it in my teaching, Google [online] Available at: http://lteu.cant.ac.uk/learntech/blackboard.asp Accessed 16 September 2010] B(1) Student Support:- Help them to manage their time more effectively. It also help them to develop a wider range of analytical and writing skills by using new resources, if assessments are adapted to make good use of these. Nicole Kipar. (2003) What is the Blackboard VLE and how can I use it in my teaching Google [online].Available at: http://lteu.cant.ac.uk/learntech/blackboard.asp. Accessed 16 September 2010] B(2) Collaboration:- To attain goals that cannot be achieved by one single student alone like in projects, which need group work or team work. The collaboration includes the following components:- Jointly developing and agreeing on a set of common goals and directions. Sharing responsibility for obtaining those goals. Working together to achieve those goals, using expertise and resources of each others. Bruner, C (1991). Thinking collaboratively: Ten question and answers to help policy maker improve childrens services. Washington, DC Education and Human Service Consortium. Available at: (http://www.actforyouth.net/document/YDM_65C_collab_Handout.pdf) [ Accessed 18 September 2010] Communication:- It may be defined as the sharing ideas or exchange of information or feelings. It provide very important path by which students influence one another. This help the student to develop the boarder sense for the course he/she is going through. This is one of the important tool for the student express their thoughts and feeling with each other. Available at: ( http://www.workplace-communication.com/definition-communication.html) Accessed 16 September 2010] It may also be defined as exchange and flow of information and ideas from person to person; It involves sender transmitting the ideas, information or feeling to a receiver. (U.S Army, 1983) Available at: ( http://www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcom.html) Accessed 16 September 2010] C(1) Connectivity:- Help the student to exchange the knowledge by electronic means which help them to understand the context of the subject very clearly and able them to remain in contact with each other. In the context of computer science, refers to the use of computer networks to link computers to one another, and provide information resource between computer systems and their final users. Available at: (http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enHYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enclient=firefox-HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enclient=firefox-client=firefox-arls=org.mozilla:enGB:officialdefl=enq=define:connectivitysa=Xei=hfC5TOCPCJDQjAfvvL2Dgved=0CBcQkAE) Accessed 16 September 2010] The ability to exchange information by electronic means. (Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005) [Accessed 16 September 2010] C(2) Flexible learning:- It enable the student to learn what they want, how they want, and when they want. An approach which enable student to adopt a wide range of learning strategies in a variety of resource available. Available at: (www.unisa.edu.au/pas/gap/planning/glossary.asp) [Accessed 16 September 2010] E-Learning:- It uses electronic delivery methods such as internet-based learning delivery packages, such as , CD ROM, online video conferencing, websites or email to manage the relationship between teachers and students which enable students to be self reliable for the course. Available at: (www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/series/2531/54560/2) [Accessed 17 September 2010] D(1) Content solution:- Everything that is included in a collection for the student to make them satisfy for the course context and which help them in understanding the course content very clearly and quickly, enable them to become masters in their courses. Available at:- (www.wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn.) [Accessed 16 September 2010] D(2) Delivery Mechanism:- The procedure or means for delivering the content of the subject to the student in a very effective manner so that it can easily accessible to the students from any were in the world. Houghton, Miffli. (2000) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,4Th ed USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. [ Accessed 16 September 2010] EXERCISE 5 Reflective Report Micheal, in Knowledge and competence describes profession: The profession are a group of occupations the boundary of which is ill-defined. While the most powerful of law and medicine are commonly perceived as ideal type, few others even approach their degree of influence. Public-sector professions with significantly less power such as teachers, and nurses where described by Etzioni (1969) as a semi-professions. (Micheal, Eraut,1994, p.1) The first day when I entered into the University I have no idea about the ways of teaching. I am totally unfamiliar with the ways of doing study here. When I first attend my class I totally get confused and dont know what is going on, as the time passes after attending two of three classes I get familiar to what is going in the class, all credit goes to my module tutor who really deliver the quality teaching. The Module (Effective Research and Professional Practice) I have attend lay down the foundation stone for me to the entire course. This course gives me the opportunity to learn how would be the professional toward the study. The first exercise is SWOT analysis that provide me opportunity to express my Strengths, weakness, opportunity and Threats, which can help my tutor to have view of my capability for the studies so that he/she can deliver the quality teaching in order to have the better understanding towards the concern subject. The best part of the SWOT analysis is that I can express what I want from the course that I am going to take what would be my future plans. The second exercise helping me to develop the analytical skills. The article is about the characterizing the knowledge management in the small business environment, the questioner on this article helping me to develop the ability of reading, writing, and leaning skills more effectively. It also help me to have the broader look, how research can be taking place what area would be taking into the consideration while researching. How to apply proper methodology for the research that it is very important the way this article is written down help me to develop it, because the way I am going to approach to my studies is very important especially in my project. I enjoyed doing this exercise because I like reading but up to some specific limit I dont like to be book worm. The third, fourth and fifth exercise provide the pathway how to make a mind map, that is new thing for me, while working on the exercises I slow and steadily get familiar what is mind map all about how I can made it and have use of it. The exercises help me to learn right kind of professionalism for my studies that is totally far away from me. One part in this exercise is literature review which is mind teasing for me but after done this exercise I have learn how to develop the logical ideas. This assignment help me to lays down the basic foundation block for my studies in analytically and professionally that would help me throughout my career, The best part of this exercise for me to learn so many new things that I have never come across in my life, like mind map that help me to familiar very quickly and easily with the exercises.